Howdy Charlie,
This is why I dislike turning Padauk... that orange dust is ferocious and sticks to everything. I kinda swore it off in my shop and go with other woods to get the reds and maroon type colors. There is nothing you can do to stop Padauk from turning brown either... you can slow it down with UV resistant finish and hiding it in the shadows. But it's gonna happen.
As for your question, your last cuts on the lathe should be a clean as you can possibly get them. A clean cut will take that dust away from the surface and not contaminate your Maple. The next step is to apply a finish to seal all the pores in the Maple as best you can. A sanding sealer, shellac, or perhaps a water-based finish that contains a UV inhibitor might be a good choice. Something that will dry well and not be soft. While an oil might pop that Curly Maple for you, it may take a while to cure because of oils within the Padauk... maybe weeks depending on the product. An oil with a slow drying time might also carry the red color dust and reddish oils across to the maple in a "bleed" type scenario. I would absolutely stay away from anything with wax.
Once you have the wood sealed and dry, try your sanding targeting by hand where you need it. Be super meticulous with controlling that dust. Re-seal the Curly Maple as needed to keep it clean. Then if you need, do another sealing coat on everything if you need to go with an oil or wax on the final finish so that surface bleed can not happen and ruin your efforts.
Best of luck! I hope you are able to get the results you were looking for!
